![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Invented by William Chamberlain and Thomas Etter, the program used a very simple syntax, allowing users to input questions, to which Racter would respond with long, nonsensical (if grammatically correct) paragraphs. One of the earliest modern chatbots (along with ELIZA and PARRY) was Racter (short for Raconteur). Reference to George Bernard Shaw and Ovid in my discussions of the history of chatbots hints at the fact that writers have indeed developed conversational agents – whether in their fiction or real life. As a literary scholar, I am interested in how writers and critics have responded to phenomena and what literary criticism might bring to debates around cultural understandings of chatbots. ![]()
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